Energy

In all of our experiences energy needs a medium to store it, rubber band, spring etc. It seems that light should also need a medium. This medium was the aether. Then it changed to nothing, space-time. Now I call it goo.

c speed light

p Planck length

M m masses

Q q charges

G Gravitational constant

K Charge constant

Planck constant divided by

r and x radius in meters which are converted to Planck lengths in the equation

Classic Equations of interaction

The classic equations do not converge and are loaded with infinities.

Gravity

Charge

New Equations of interaction

This new equation eq1. satisfy the above equations at distances above unit distance while also

digging into the Planck.

eq1

It would be nice if we could just use eq1 but since mass, charge and energy were arbitrarily chosen in the old days, we will have to convert

to what we are familiar with meters Joules etc.

We will have to multiply by a factor to come to our world scalars like meters, kilograms, Newtons, seconds, etc.

For now we are just concerned with evaluating the equation. Let us start with eq1.

The radius r is in Planck lengths. We call this natural units. Light will travel unit length in unit time.

The graph of eq1. Is

3d plot

contour plot

The graph below shows that the short range strong force is nothing but the same charge force.

The classic force rises more slowly, This causes us to invent another force called the strong force.

While the new force rises rapidly, which is really what is now called the strong force.

The question is whether the natural unit of length should be the distance light travels in unit time, or should it be somewhere in the order of 1e-15 meters?

This is the story of two electrons approaching each other from infinity. The push pull will explain why they attract.

Click push pull .

We have been believing that two negative charges repel each other but the electron has a north and south side.

The electron is a beam of light locked in a circle. We usually see the negative side, in this universe. The side we infrequently see is the positive side which we call a positron but it is one and the same thing.

If we had a clock with a transparent face and we go behind the clock we would see a clock going backwards counterclockwise but it is the same clock.

The electrons will turn to attract each other and will accelerate from infinity towards each other. As they get closer than unit length the force will shift 90 degrees. They will now be forced away from each other at 90 degrees of their approach.

They will be ejected with the same energy as the approach.

Let us just use units for now, forget about Coulombs, Joules etc. So the electron has unit charge, the force is unit force,

the energy is unit energy.

Each electron would gain -1 unit of energy going towards each other and would be ejected 180 degrees to each other with -1.i units of energy.

The energy of both electrons +1 to -1.

The energy of electron infinity to zero.

The galaxy works just like the above. A black hole ejects energy at 90 degrees, forming stars ,planets, etc,

Now let us come back to our units meter kilogram second.

The equation is derived at the push and the pull: Click push pull .

All things go at c whether they are going nowhere, or not.. So when we say a thing is going at half the speed of light we really are saying that it is going at c plus half of c or 1.5*c

f(v) = c+0.5 *c/(c*r) = (1+0.5)/r = 1.5*c/r

f(v) 2 = (1.5 * c / r)^2

This is the formal equation which takes the velocity of the objects into consideration.

Charge

Neglecting velocity since we are going at c.

The factor for gravity is simply

The factor for charge is simply

simplify to to

The factor for charge is simply

NOTE: u0 the magnetic permeability, is not some special property of space or time.

u0 is just a fudge to convert from the natural units to our present units. Therefore is the relevant part.

Mass deficit

em = electron mass

ec = electron charge

The total energy of two electron is Joules

= electron volts

When two electrons approach each other and loose Joules of energy their mass will disappear. This distance

can be calculated with the classic equation as we are not going down to Planck length.

We have two electrons closing in on each other creating a mass deficit of two electrons.

Classic charge force =

integral

Classic charge energy =

radius r = = = 1.40897014386212722226e-15 meters, inside of proton.

This means that if the proton and neutron are made of electrons then what we observe as the mass is deceiving.

In other words a whole galaxy or universe could be in a proton or neutron. This means that what we call mass is very vague.

We could think of mass as a measure of an objects property to resist acceleration (changes in velocity). We now need to figure out what mass really is. The protons and neutrons seem to contain the mass of the universe, but how much of it do we experience?...............

Electron binding

pm, proton mass

em, electron mass

Compton wavelength = h/(m*c)

Reduced Bohr radius proton + electron

Hydrogen atom wavelength = (h/(pm*c)+h/(em*c))/(2*pi*alpha) = 5.29465407210601721274e-11 Reduced Bohr radius

New Reduced Bohr radius electron + electron

If the force is caused by charge then it would be the same force with two electrons.

Radius r = (h/(em*c)+h/(em*c))/(2*pi*alpha) = 1.05835441659054070699e-10 new Reduced Bohr radius

Energy 13.60569193523702727336 eV

This is the energy needed to remove the electron from a hydrogen atom.

Notice that with the new Reduced Bohr radius we get the electron binding energy, without the need to consider velocity and momentum,

other than c speed of light, well not quite as the Compton radius uses momentum.

However one thing is for sure, we can only bring this to our measuring gauges by invoking charge or mass, or inventing a new dimension.

What we are endeavor is to make sense of the universe with our limited senses.

Conclusion

It would seem that in whatever they weighed an electron it was bound in some way and not truly unbound.

Therefore the true mass of an unbound electron is 13.60569193523702727336 eV+em = 2.42543467033007897802e-35 kg+em

true unbound electron mass 2.42543467033007897802e-35+em = 9.1096246934670330079e-31 kg

while the presently measured electron mass is 9.10938215e-31 kg

This would suggest that:

pm/(2.42543467033007897802e-35+em) 1836.1037839456992574668 the number of electrons in a proton

nm/(2.42543467033007897802e-35+em) 1838.6347048975288562249 the number of electrons in a neutron

Now why does the mass deficit suddenly return when the proximity approaches 1.40897014386212722226e-15 meters,

When it should be one hundred percent and the mass should be zero.

It is as if they become unbound at this radius.

Could mass deficit be a fallacy and the electron mass is really 9.1096246934670330079e-31 kg instead?

If so then then energy is all we should be dealing with.

To test with the calculator Click to see the calculations

Thank you for reading this article. Leon Rapaport 11/17/2009